Oil burner



Oct' 18 1927' P. H. RYbL-:R ET AL OIL BURNER Filed June 22, 1922 Patented Get. 18, i927.

UNITED stares Parent orties.

PARMLY H. RYDER .AND CARLES Vf. B'IORE, 0F 'BCYRUS, OHO, AISSIGNORS TG SMOKELESS OIL BURNEHUCGVIEAEY, "1 CORPURATON (3F DHU).

OL BUR-NER.

Application filed .Tune 22,

- This invention relates to improvements in oil burners and methodof operating the same.

An object of the invention is the provi-y sion of an oil burner in which the fuel supply is automatically controlled once the burner is set in operation. n

Another object is the provision of an oil burner having means for regulating the operating pressure of thc atomizing steam, thereby effecting automatic control of the fuel supply with the consequent saving of fuel. Y

Another object of the invention is the provision of a burner haif'ing means Whereby the fuel supply is automatically controlled by the pressure of the steam in a pipe line leading from a boiler which may be heated by the burner.

Another object is the provision of an oil burner in which the supply of fuel and atomizing agent is synchronously controlled, preferably through a unitary structure or mechanism. f

[i further object of the invention is the provision of a burner vwhich may be manuah lv set lated. 1

i still further object of the invention is providing a methodv for controlling the temperature of a furnace or pressure of steam in boiler through means, the operation of which is dependent upon the presence of a gas, which gas may be the steam produced andl thereafter automatically reguvby a burner embodying the controlling means.

Other objects of the invention, having to do with various features of construction and Y eurent of parts, Will manifest themI selves upon a reading of the following description and appended claims.

ln accordance with our invention there is provided a main burner body or casing` for housing a piston carrying at its internal end or head a nozzle communicating with a supply of fuelA through an intake inanifold. A steam inlet opening into a pressure chamber surrounding the piston vprovides means, by effecting a closure of the atomi ing` orifice, for regulating the burner from a boiler, or the like, heated by the-burner. As the steam pressure falls the atomizing orificeisgradually opened by suitable means,

1922. Serial No. 570,198.

such as a helical spring under compression, thereby permitting` an increased quantity ofthe fuel to be atomized with a consequent rise in the steam pressure. Me'ansare provided for manually setting the burnerin su h a manner as tol define the range under which automatic regulation may be had.

The nature of the means by which the foregoing and Vother special objects of the invention are accomplished, Will appear from the following detailed description.

Referring to lthe drawings, ltig. l fs a longitudinal section of a embodying the invention; y

Fig'. 2 is a cross section, taken on line HHH of Fig. l; and l? 3 is a rear end view. i

reference charactersy refer to like Y)arts throughout the several figures.

The burner illustrated in the vaccompanyine drawings comprises a casing` l having re o'cally mounted therein a piston 2. The interior of the casing is provided with what may be termed a pressure chainberf anda steam chamber et, the function of which chambers will hereinafter bem-ore fully described. The piston 2 comprises a cylindrif cal body portion provided on its forward end with an enlargement or head l'iaving sul stantially centrally disposed radial open.A ings extending from the airis of the piston into a fuel chamber 5. Extending from the piston head is a hollow stem or shank portion@ carrying a stop collar 7 and provided at its extremity with an external threaded portion 8. The fuel chamber 5 is formed in the piston head by 'making a centrally located annular groove therein, thus subf stantially dividing the head into tivo sections 9 and lO. rEhe forward end of the piston is provided with an `internal thread v'into which is sc 1owed a tapering nozzle ll adaptburner ed to fit into a corresponding orifice pr-oof 'n accommodate the threaded end of a needle point valve 16 carried upon the inner end of valve stem 17 which extends through a stutng nut 18 and is provided with a handle 19. lThe nozzle 11 is provided with a central opening 21 which in conjunction with the centrally disposed radial openings constitutes a passageway to the oil chamber The needle valve 16 is disposed to control the passageway from the oil chamber' by means of the handle 19.

The pressure chamber 3 and steam chamber 4 are provided with ports 22 and 23, re spectively, and are placed in communication with each other by means of a passageway 24. The port 23 to the atomizing chamber Ll. is controlled by a valve 25, the stem of which is suitably journaled in stuffing nut 26 and terminates in a handle 27. By means of valve 25, port 23 of the steam chamber et may be controlled. The piston 2 is provided with rings 28 so as to make the chambers of the burner gas tight.

An oil inlet 29 and a steam inlet 30 are provided at the top and bottom portions, respectively, of the casing 1.. The oil inlet 29 is immediately over section of the piston head and the steam inlet 30 communicates with the passageway joining the steam chamber 4 and steam pressure chamber 1t is obvious that as the piston 2 recedes or moves inwardly, the oil inlet is placed in communication with the fuel chamber 5, and the supply of fuel permitted to flow through the passageway 21 of the nozzle 11 may be controlled by handle 19 of the needle point valve 16. It is also obvious that the steam which may be admitted to the steam cham-- ber through the port 23 may be regulated by means of valve 25. By virtue of these adjustments it is possible to manually set the burner so as to employ any desired mixture of oil or other liquid fuel and steam orvair during the operation of the burner. To permit further adjustment of the burner I provide a boss upon the exterior of the casing 1 and positioned immediately in frontof the atomizing chamber et. The boss 35 is threaded internally so as to receive a set screw 36 having a lock nut By turning the screw inwardly the correspondingl end thereof may constitute an abutment for arresting the further advancement of the piston 2 beyond a given forward position. This arrangement makes it possible to prevent the burner from being completely shut otl by the forward movement of the piston and, in effect, provides means for banking fire under a boiler, etc., with which the burner may be associated. lt' is obvious that the screw 36 may be rendered inetlective (as shown in the drawing) in the event that it is desired to permit the burner to be extinguished during the operation thereof.

The operation of the burner may be described as follows. By means of the spring tension nut 15 the compression of spring 14 may be regulated so that a given head of steam or pressure in the chamber 3 is required to maintain closed the atomizing ori fic-e of the steam chamber 4, which orifice is shown as closed in the drawing. The rearward movement of the piston 2 is limited by stop collar 7 coming in contact with the ad# jacent surface of the stuffing nut 12. It will, therefore, be seen that the travel of the piston is limited between a closed position to that in which the stop collar 7 engages with the stuffing nut 12. This travel, however, is sutlicient to permit the full opening of the oil inlet 29 into the fuel chamber 5 and the atomizing port 23 into the steam chamber 1.

In starting the burner the valve 16 is adjusted to admit any quantity of fuel desired when the fuel inlet 29 is completely opened. The adjustment of the valve 25 is such that a proper amount of steam iiows through the port 23 into the steam chamber and out through the atomizing orifice so as to give the desired mixture of steam and fuel when the burner is fully opened. j ustment as a maximum for a given condition the mixture of combustion materials is automatically regulated down to a point where it may be completely shut off by the closure of the atomizing orifice through the nozzle 11 engaging with the tapering wall of the casing 1 adjacent the orifice and the port 23 and oil inlet 29 by the piston sections 10 and 9, respectively.

As previously7 stated, the tension normally placed upon the .spring 111 is determined by the maximum steam pressure which will be carried in the chamber 3. Naturally, the greater this pressure the more will the spring 1li be placed under compressi-on when the With this adlUU piston is innormal position so as to offer more resistance to its movement in a forward direction. Suitable adjustments haivn ing been made of the nut 15 and valves 16 and 25, the fuel and steam are turned on., For starting purposes steam from an auxiliary source or separate system, or compressed air. may be used until Va pressure has been obtained in the steam boiler served by the burner, after which time the auxiliaryv supply may be discontinued in any suitable manner and steam from the controlled systeni substituted therefor.

`When the burner is first started the piston under the influence of spring 14 will have receded, permitting the free passage of the oil and steam through the opening 21 and atomizing'orii'ice of the chamber 1, respectively. Consequently, maximum combustion will be had until an increased pressure in the steam chamber 3 overcomes an increment of the resistance oered by the spring 14, thus'eecting a slight closure of the atomizing chamber with a resulting decrease in Vsire ion between the boiler and the burner the intensity of the heat produced by the burner. It is, ot course, to be appreciated that the steainline connected With the inlet is either directly in communication,with the boiler being heated b the burner or with an auxiliary source ot supply which is directly inuenced by the pressure ol the steam in the boiler with which the burner isr used. n y

As the steam pressure is further increased in the boiler there ivill be a corresponding increase ot steam pressure in the chamber 3 otl the buiner. This increased pressure Will tnrtlier overcome theresistance otvsp 1ing le and thus elliect a `further closure oit the 'fuel inlet S29 and atomizing orifice of the cnamber long as the piston continues to move foriva d diie to an increase in the pressure oil steam Within the chamber 3, `there will be gradual cutting oli ot the coinbustion materials until they are completely shut Vol' through the closure ot the tiiel inlet and the port by sections 9 and l0, respectively, of the piston. However, it the set sci'eiv 36 has been set te lunctiiiin the burner ivill never become entirely extinguished ol ting doivn oi i cycle ol operation will continue as long as the burner is running.

Frein the foregoing it is obvious that by .making the proper adjustments in the comi vpon-ein parts of the burner a very delicate control niav be obtained or' the steam oresn l in a boiler; rlhe inter-dependence ot ma res it possible to obtain very close regulation ot botlithe boiler and the burner With a consequent saving in fuel. This may be ot particular advantage it the burner is used in connection with a heating plantsince it is possible to inaintaina uniform temperatureA ina building heated by plant controlled by one or more of our burners. rllliere are otle features of advantage which are 1nlul herent in a burner en'ibodying our invention,

Vthe appended claims.

There tlieterni steamv is used in the specieation and appended claims7 it is wished to be understood asinclnding airas'ivell, and thatas used herein it is interchangeable With the Vword air.

Villiat is claimed is:

l. ln an oil burner the combination with a casing, a vpiston having a head movable iifltliin said casing, a pressure chamber and a vsteam chamber separated by said head, nie-ans ttor supplying steam to said chainbors, a 'fuel inlet in said casing, a t'uel outlet nozzle in said head, means tor normally maintaining said inlet and outlet in communication, said piston being operable `to cnt oli said communication when a predeter-` inined pressure is created insaid vpressure chamber. v v

2. ln an oil burner the combination With a casing, a piston having a headmovable vwithin said casing, a pressure chamber and a steam chamber separated by said head, ino or supplying steam to said chambers, a fuel inlet in said ca ing, -a'luel outlet noz- Zie in s 'd head, a spring mounted on said piston to normally maintain said inlet and outlet in coiiin'iunication, said piston being operable to cut oilI said communication When a predeterii'iined pressure is created in said pressure chamber. p 'A 3. In an oil burner the combination With a casing, a piston having a head movable Within said casing, a pressiire'chamber and a steam chamber separated by said head, means for supplying steam to said chanr bers, a fuel inlet in said casing, a fuel outlet nozzle in said lie-ad, means for normally Vmai:staining a communicatingopening ot a predeterminedv areabetween said inlet and outlet said-piston. being operable to vary the area of `said opening upon a variation of ioo pressure created in saidfpressure chamber. Y

4. ln an oil burner the combination With a casinga piston having a headmovable Within said casing, a pressure chamber and a steam chamber separated by said head, means for supplyingsteam to said chainbers, a `fuel inlet in said casing, a fuel outlet nozzle insaid head, spring mounted en` ternally of said piston tonorinally maintain a communicating opening between said inlet and outlet and means for admitting ka fluid under pressure to saidpressure chamber to vary the eliiective area koit saidY opening in accordance with the degree ot pressure ct said iluid,

5. In an voil burner the combination with a casing, a piston having a headmovable in saidcasing, a compressionl chamber and la steam chamber, means tor supplying steam "to said chambers, a steam discharge `orilice in saidV steam chamber, a: fuel discharge noz- Zle carried by said head and movable therewith tor varying the area of saidorifice, fuel inlet in Said casing, apassage in said iio head affording Communication between said fuelv discharge nozzle and said fuel inlet, means for normally effecting a predetermined discharge of fuel, said piston being movable for causing a variation in said fuel discharge in accordance with the degree of pressure in said pressure chamber.

6. An oil burner comprising a casing,` a piston having a head movable in said casing, a steam chamber and a pressure chamber separated by said head, a communicating passage between said chambers, a valve for varying the area of said passage, a steam inlet to said passage, a discharge orifice in said steam chamber for the discharge of steam traveling through said passage, a member carried by said head for disposiV- tion in said orifice, said member having a passage therein for the discharge of fuel` a fuel inlet in said easing, a passage in said head affording communication between the passage in said member and said fuel inlet` a valve for varying the area of said fuel discharge outlet, means external of the casing for operating said valve, a spring mounted on said piston to normally maintain said fuel discharge outlet in communication with said fuel inlet and to maintain communi i tion between said passage and said steam chamber, said head being movable under pressure created in said pressure chamber to cut olf the fuel inlet and steam'inl-et to said steam chamber.

'l'. An oil burner comprising a casing, a piston having a head movable in said casing1 a steam chamber and a pressure chamber separated by said head, communicating passage between said chambers, a valve for varying the area of said passage, a steam inlet to said passage, a discharg orifice in said steam chamber for the discharge of steam traveling through said passage, a member carried by said head for disposition in'said orifice, said member having a passage therein for the discharge of fuel, a fuel inlet in said casing, a passage in said head affording communication between the passage in said member and said fuel inlet, a valve for varying the area of said fuel discharge outlet` means external of the cas ing for operating said valve, a ,spring mounted on said piston to normally maintain said fuel discharge outletA in communication with said fuel i-let and to maintain communication between said passage and said steam chamber, said head being operable under pressure created in said pressure chamber to vary the area of the fuel inlet and the area of the steam inlet to said steam chan ber in accordance With the pressure created in said pressure chamber.

8. An oil burner comprising a casing, a piston having a head movable in said cas ing, a steam chamber ant a pressure chaluber separated by said head, a communicating passage between said chambers, a valve for varying the effective area of said passage, a steam inlet to said passage, a discharge orifice in said steam chamber for the discharge of steam traveling through said pas:` age, a member carried by said head for disposition in said orifice, a fuel di,scharge outlet in said head, a fuel inlet .in said casing, a valve for varying the area of said fuel discharge outlet, means external of the casing for operating said valve, a spriinr mounted on' said piston to normally7 maintain said fuel discharge outlet in communication With said fuel inlet and to maine tain communication between said passage and said steam chamber, said head being` movable under pressure created in said pressure chamber to cut off the fuel inlet and steam inlet to said steam chamber, and adjustable means for limiting the forward movement of said piston.

An oil burner comprising a casing, a piston having a head movable in said casing, a steam chamber anda pressure chamber separated by said head, a communicating passage betWeensaid chambers, a valve for varying the area of said passage, a steam inlet t-o said passage, a discharge orifice in said steam chamber for the discharge of steam traveling through said passage, a. member carried by said head for dis, osition in said orifice, a fuel discharge outlet in said head, a fuel inlet in said casing. a valve for wirying4 the area of said fuel discharge outlet., means external of the casing for operai'w ing said valve, a spring mounted on Vsaid piston to normally maintain said fuel discharge outlet in communication ivith saidV fuel inlet and to maintain communication between said passage and said steam chainber, said head being operable und-er pressure created in said pressure chamber to vary the area of the fuel inlet and the area of the steam inlet to said. steam chamber in accordance with the pressure created in said pressure chamber, and adjustable means for limiting the for 'fard movement of said pia ton. y

ln testimony whereof, We have hereunto subscribed our names this 19th day of June PARE/[LY H. RYDER. CHARLES W. MOORE.

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